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Eunuchism is primarily characterized by a lack of testicular function, which leads to insufficient production of male hormones, particularly testosterone. This condition often results from either a surgical removal of the testicles or some form of testicular dysfunction, leading to diminished hormonal levels. Since the testicles are responsible for the production of several hormones crucial for male development and reproductive function, their lack of function results in the associated characteristics of eunuchism, including potential changes in physical development and sexual function.

Increased estrogen levels, for example, can occur in conditions related to hormonal imbalances, but they do not define eunuchism. Increased testosterone production would contradict the fundamental nature of eunuchism, which is defined by a deficiency in testosterone due to lack of testicular function. Lastly, the assertion of no symptoms related to hormonal imbalance neglects the numerous effects that arise from a lack of testicular function, such as changes in body composition, libido, and overall health. Therefore, the hallmark of eunuchism distinctly revolves around the absence of testicular function.